REF542PLUS 1VCF752000觸摸屏主機(jī)隔離輸入通道模塊

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REF542PLUS 1VCF752000觸摸屏主機(jī)隔離輸入通道模塊

在復(fù)合式膜生物反應(yīng)器中安裝填料的目的有兩個(gè)：一是提高處理系統(tǒng)的抗沖擊負(fù)荷,保證系統(tǒng)的處理效果;二是降低反應(yīng)器中懸浮性活性污泥濃度,減小膜污染的程度,保證較高的膜通量。復(fù)合式膜生物反應(yīng)器中,由于填料上附著生長(zhǎng)著大量微生物,能夠保證系統(tǒng)具有較高的處理效果并有抵抗沖擊負(fù)荷的能力,同時(shí)又不會(huì)使反應(yīng)器內(nèi)懸浮污泥濃度過高,影響膜通量。 4 MBR工藝的特點(diǎn) 4.1 對(duì)污染物的去除效率高 MBR對(duì)懸浮固體(SS)濃度和濁度有著非常良好的去除效果。由于膜組件的膜孔徑非常小(0.01~1祄),可將生物反應(yīng)器內(nèi)全部的懸浮物和污泥都截留下來,其固液分離效果要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)好于二沉池,MBR對(duì)SS的去除率在99%以上,甚至達(dá)到100%;濁度的去除率也在90%以上,出水濁度與自來水相近。由于膜組件的高效截留作用,將全部的活性污泥都截留在反應(yīng)器內(nèi),使得反應(yīng)器內(nèi)的污泥濃度可達(dá)到較高水平,高可達(dá)40~50g/L。這樣,就大大降低了生物反應(yīng)器內(nèi)的污泥負(fù)荷,提高了MBR對(duì)有機(jī)物的去除效率,對(duì)生活污水COD的平均去除率在94%以上,BOD的平均去除率在96%以上。同時(shí),由于膜組件的分離作用,使得生物反應(yīng)器中的水力停留時(shí)間(HRT)和污泥停留時(shí)間(SRT)是完全分開的,這樣就可以使生長(zhǎng)緩慢、世代時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的微生物(如硝化細(xì)菌)也能在反應(yīng)器中生存下來,保證了MBR除具有高效降解有機(jī)物的作用外,還具有良好的硝化作用。研究表明,MBR在處理生活污水時(shí),對(duì)氨氮的去除率平均在98%以上,出水氨氮濃度低于1mg/L。此外,選擇合適孔徑的膜組件后,MBR對(duì)細(xì)菌和病毒也有著較好的去除效果,這樣就可以省去傳統(tǒng)處理工藝中的消毒工藝,大大簡(jiǎn)化了工藝流程。另外,在DO濃度較低時(shí),在菌膠團(tuán)內(nèi)部存在缺氧或厭氧區(qū),為反硝化創(chuàng)造了條件。僅采用好氧MBR工藝,雖然對(duì)TP的去除效率不高,但如果將其與厭氧進(jìn)行組合,則可大大提高TP的去除率。研究表明,采用A/O復(fù)合式MBR工藝,對(duì)TP的去除率可達(dá)70%以上。 4.2 具有較大的靈活性和實(shí)用性在城市污水或工業(yè)廢水處理中,傳統(tǒng)的處理工藝(格柵+沉砂池+初沉池+曝氣池+二沉池+消毒池)流程較長(zhǎng),占地面積大,而出水水質(zhì)又不能保證。而MBR工藝(篩網(wǎng)過濾+MBR)則因流程短、占地面積小!處理水量靈活等特點(diǎn),而呈現(xiàn)出明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)#MBR的出水量根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,只需增減膜組件的片數(shù)就可完成產(chǎn)水量調(diào)整,非常簡(jiǎn)單、方便。對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的活性污泥法工藝中出現(xiàn)的污泥膨脹現(xiàn)象,MBR由于不用二沉池進(jìn)行固液分離,可以輕松解決。這樣,就大大減輕了管理操作的復(fù)雜程度,使穩(wěn)定的出水成為可能。同時(shí),MBR工藝非常易于實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制,提高了污水處理的自動(dòng)化水平。 4.3 解決了剩余污泥處置難的問題剩余污泥的處置問題,是污水處理廠運(yùn)行好壞的關(guān)鍵問題之一#MBR工藝中,污泥負(fù)荷非常低,反應(yīng)器內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)相對(duì)缺乏,微生物處在內(nèi)源呼吸區(qū),污泥產(chǎn)率低,因而使得剩余污泥的產(chǎn)生量很少,SRT得到延長(zhǎng),排除的剩余污泥濃度大,可不用進(jìn)行污泥濃縮,而直接進(jìn)行脫水,這就大大節(jié)省了污泥處理的費(fèi)用。有研究得出,在處理生活污水時(shí),MBR佳的排泥時(shí)間在35d左右。由上述可知,MBR工藝所具有的優(yōu)越性,是目前其他處理工藝無法比擬的#該工藝在城市污水或生活污水處理!高濃度有機(jī)廢水、難降解有機(jī)廢水以及中水回用等方面都具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。自動(dòng)化公路是交通自動(dòng)化的先導(dǎo)和基礎(chǔ)，也是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)國(guó)家的生命線。在許多國(guó)家交通阻塞造成的時(shí)間耽擱、燃油浪費(fèi)，以及毫無必要的廢氣排放，都給社會(huì)造成了很大的損失。有人可能認(rèn)為，解決問題的出路不外乎是建造更多的公路。然而，修建新公路是造價(jià)極高的工程。例如,美國(guó)改造波士頓中央干道１１公里長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)路段,計(jì)劃需要大約８０億美元的資金。因此,大規(guī)模地?cái)U(kuò)建城市通道及高速公路,在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是不可行的,人們必須設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)更加有效地利用現(xiàn)有的公路。自動(dòng)化公路是擴(kuò)大公路交通能力的省錢的途徑。自動(dòng)化公路的組成原理表明自動(dòng)化公路系統(tǒng)是辟出一條車道或一組車道,來讓裝有專門設(shè)備的小汽車、卡車和公共汽車等在計(jì)算機(jī)的控制下結(jié)隊(duì)行駛，通過一個(gè)小型計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（這些小型計(jì)算機(jī)安裝在汽車內(nèi)以及某些路段的路邊）來協(xié)調(diào)車流,從而增大車流量,提高公路的運(yùn)輸能力。自動(dòng)化公路交通所需的新技術(shù)大部分集中在汽車中, 一個(gè)前視傳感器或一個(gè)攝像機(jī)探測(cè)前方的危險(xiǎn)障礙物和其它車輛以及車道邊界,這些設(shè)備與計(jì)算機(jī)相連,由計(jì)算機(jī)迅速處理得到的圖像,然后操縱汽車轉(zhuǎn)向、剎車,使車輛保持適當(dāng)?shù)乃俣群妥藨B(tài)。每輛汽車上都載有數(shù)字無線電設(shè)備,它使車上的計(jì)算機(jī)能夠同附近的其它車輛通信,也能同監(jiān)控公路的監(jiān)視計(jì)算機(jī)通信,使駕車者得知有關(guān)汽車運(yùn)行情況的信息。There are two purposes to install fillers in the composite membrane bioreactor: one is to improve the anti impact load of the treatment system and ensure the treatment effect of the system; The second is to reduce the concentration of suspended activated sludge in the reactor, reduce the degree of membrane pollution, and ensure high membrane flux. In the composite membrane bioreactor, due to a large number of microorganisms attached to the filler, it can ensure that the system has a high treatment effect and the ability to resist shock load, and at the same time, it will not make the concentration of suspended sludge in the reactor too high, which will affect the membrane flux. 4 Characteristics of MBR process 4.1 High pollutant removal efficiency MBR has a very good removal effect on suspended solid (SS) concentration and turbidity. Because the membrane aperture of the membrane module is very small (0.01~1 µ m), it can intercept all suspended solids and sludge in the bioreactor. Its solid-liquid separation effect is far better than that of the secondary sedimentation tank. The removal rate of SS by MBR is more than 99%, or even 100%; The removal rate of turbidity is also above 90%, and the turbidity of effluent is similar to that of tap water. Due to the high efficiency of membrane module, all activated sludge is trapped in the reactor, so that the sludge concentration in the reactor can reach a high level, up to 40~50g/L. In this way, the sludge load in the bioreactor is greatly reduced, and the removal efficiency of organic matters by MBR is improved. The average removal rate of COD in domestic sewage is more than 94%, and the average removal rate of BOD is more than 96%. At the same time, due to the separation of membrane modules, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT) in the bioreactor are completely separated, so that microorganisms (such as nitrifying bacteria) with slow growth and long generation time can also survive in the reactor, ensuring that MBR has good nitrification in addition to efficient degradation of organic matter. The research shows that when MBR is used to treat domestic sewage, the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is above 98%, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the effluent is less than 1mg/L. In addition, after selecting membrane modules with appropriate pore size, MBR also has a good removal effect on bacteria and viruses, which can eliminate the disinfection process in traditional treatment process and greatly simplify the process flow. In addition, when the DO concentration is low, there is an anoxic or anaerobic zone in the micelle, which creates conditions for denitrification. Only aerobic MBR process is used. Although the removal efficiency of TP is not high, if it is combined with anaerobic process, the removal efficiency of TP can be greatly improved. The research shows that the removal rate of TP can reach more than 70% by using A/O compound MBR process. 4.2 It has great flexibility and practicability In the treatment of urban sewage or industrial wastewater, the traditional treatment process (grid+grit chamber+primary sedimentation tank+aeration tank+secondary sedimentation tank+disinfection tank) has a long process and a large area, while the effluent quality cannot be guaranteed. The MBR process (screen filtration+MBR) is short in process and occupies a small area! The water yield of # MBR shows obvious advantages due to its flexible treatment capacity. According to the actual situation, the water yield can be adjusted by simply increasing or decreasing the number of membrane modules, which is very simple and convenient. For the sludge bulking in the traditional activated sludge process, MBR can easily solve the problem because it does not need a secondary sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation. In this way, the complexity of management operation is greatly reduced, and the quality is improved! Stable effluent is possible. At the same time, MBR process is very easy to realize automatic control, which improves the automation level of sewage treatment. 4.3 The problem of difficult disposal of excess sludge has been solved. The disposal of excess sludge is one of the key problems for the operation of the WWTP. In the # MBR process, the sludge load is very low, nutrients in the reactor are relatively lacking, microorganisms are in the internal breathing zone, and the sludge yield is low. As a result, the amount of excess sludge produced is small, SRT is extended, and the concentration of discharged excess sludge is large, so the sludge can be directly dehydrated without sludge thickening, This greatly saves the cost of sludge treatment. According to research, the best sludge discharge time of MBR is about 35d when treating domestic sewage. It can be seen from the above that the MBR process has the advantages that other treatment processes can not match at present # This process can be used for urban sewage or domestic sewage treatment! High concentration organic wastewater, refractory organic wastewater and reclaimed water reuse have broad application prospects. Automated highway is the precursor and foundation of traffic automation, and also the lifeline of modern industrial countries. In many countries, time delay, fuel waste and unnecessary exhaust emissions caused by traffic congestion have caused great losses to society. Some people may think that the only way to solve the problem is to build more roads. However, building new roads is a very expensive project. For example, the United States plans to spend about 8 billion dollars to rebuild an 11 kilometer section of Boston's central trunk road. Therefore, it is economically infeasible to expand urban corridors and expressways on a large scale. People must learn to make more effective use of existing highways. Automatic highway is the most economical way to expand highway traffic capacity. The composition principle of the automated highway indicates that the automated highway system is to set up a lane or a group of lanes to allow cars, trucks and buses equipped with special equipment to drive in groups under the control of computers, and coordinate the traffic flow through a small computer network (these small computers are installed in cars and on the roadside of some sections), so as to increase the traffic flow and improve the transportation capacity of the highway. Most of the new technologies required for automatic road traffic are concentrated in cars. A forward looking sensor or a camera detects dangerous obstacles and other vehicles in front of you, as well as lane boundaries. These devices are connected to the computer, and the computer quickly processes the images, and then controls the car to turn and brake, so that the vehicle can maintain an appropriate speed and attitude. Each vehicle is equipped with digital radio equipment, which enables the computer on the vehicle to communicate with other nearby vehicles, as well as with the monitoring computer monitoring the road, so that the driver can know the information about the vehicle operation.

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