1SAP500405R0001邏輯順序模塊

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1SAP500405R0001邏輯順序模塊

調(diào)速部分的性能對電梯運行時乘客的舒適感有著重要作用，目前，大多選用高性能的變頻器，利用旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器測量曳引電機轉(zhuǎn)速，構成閉環(huán)矢量控制系統(tǒng)。通過對變頻器參數(shù)的合理設置，不僅使電梯在運行超速和缺相等方面具備了保護功能，而且使電梯的起動、低速運行和停止更加平穩(wěn)舒適。變頻器自身的起動、停止和電機給定速度選擇則都有邏輯控制部分完成，因此，邏輯控制部分是電梯安全可靠運行的關鍵。早期的電梯邏輯控制采用繼電器方式，存在故障率較高、可靠性差、接線復雜、通用性差等缺點，因此，繼電器已退出了歷史的舞臺，取而代之的是性能穩(wěn)定可靠、結(jié)構簡單且移植性好的PLC和微機控制系統(tǒng)。微機控制使得電梯控制系統(tǒng)體積減小、節(jié)省能源、可靠性提高，尤其是對群控、通訊等復雜電梯控制功能更具優(yōu)越性，因此，微機控制系統(tǒng)多應用在性能要求較高的客梯中。但是，目前許多電梯廠商所謂的“微機控制系統(tǒng)”只不過是制造商改型后的電梯專用PLC，從嚴格意義上講，它只是PLC家族中的一種，甚至其編程方式和硬件接口都可以兼容某種型號的PLC。而由于可編程控制器（PLC）既保留了繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的簡單易懂、控制精度高、可靠性好、移植性好、控制程序可隨工藝改變、易于與計算機接口、維修方便等諸多優(yōu)點。因此，PLC在電梯控制領域得到了更為廣泛而深入的應用。 V80系列PLC以其可靠性高、運算速度快、產(chǎn)品成本低和電梯專用客制化服務等優(yōu)點，已在多家電梯廠家中的電梯生產(chǎn)及改造中獲得了應用。本文以一臺4層4站的別墅電梯控制系統(tǒng)為例，闡述了V80系列PLC在電梯控制系統(tǒng)的設計思想和實現(xiàn)方案。二、電梯控制系統(tǒng)構成電梯控制系統(tǒng)主要由變頻調(diào)速主回路、輸入輸出單元以及PLC單元構成，由如圖1所示，用來完成對電梯曳引電機及開關門機的起動，加減速，停止，運行方向，樓層顯示，層站召喚，轎箱內(nèi)操作，安全保護等指令信號進行管理和控制功能。變頻調(diào)速主回路由三相交流輸入、變頻調(diào)速驅(qū)動、曳引機和制動單元構成，變頻器采用日本安川公司矢量控制電梯專用變頻器616G5，其具有良好的低速運行特性，適合在電梯控制系統(tǒng)中應用。三相電源R、S、T經(jīng)
接線端子
進入變頻器為其主回路和控制回路供電，輸出端U、V、W接電動機的快速繞組，外接制動單元減少了制動時間，加快制動過程。旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器用來檢測電梯的運行速度和運行方向，變頻器將實際速度與變頻器內(nèi)部的給定速度相比較，從而調(diào)節(jié)變頻器的輸出頻率及電壓，使電梯的實際速度跟隨變頻器內(nèi)部的給定速度，達到調(diào)節(jié)電梯速度的目的。變頻器輸入信號為：上、下行方向指令，零速、爬行、低速、高速、檢修速度等各種速度編碼指令，復位和使能信號。變頻器輸出信號為：（1）變頻器準備就緒信號，在變頻器運轉(zhuǎn)正常時，通知控制系統(tǒng)變頻器可以正常運行；（2）運行中信號，通知PLC變頻器正在正常輸出；（3）零速信號，當電梯運行速度為零時，此信號輸出有效并通知PLC完成抱閘、停車等動作；（4）故障信號，變頻器出現(xiàn)故障時，此信號輸出有效并通知PLC作出響應，給變頻器斷電。輸入輸出單元為PLC的I/O接口部分，主要由廳外呼叫、轎箱內(nèi)選層、樓層及方向指示、開關門、井道內(nèi)的上下平層、上下強迫換速開關、門鎖、安全保護繼電器、檢修、消防、泊梯、稱重等單元構成。輸入單元為：（1）廳外呼叫單元，用來對各層站的廳外召喚信號進行登記、記憶和消除，而且兼有無司機狀態(tài)的“本層廳外開門”功能，全集選方式的呼梯信號為2N-2個（N為層站數(shù)），下集選方式的呼梯信號為N個；（2）轎箱內(nèi)選層單元，負責對預選樓層指令的登記、消除和指示，呼梯信號數(shù)為電梯停站層數(shù)N；（3）開關門按鈕，輸入PLC控制轎門的開閉（廳門也同時動作）；（4）上下平層裝置，用來保證電梯轎箱在各層?？繒r準確平層，通常設置在轎頂，電梯轎箱上行接近預選層站時，上平層感應器限進入遮磁板，電梯仍繼續(xù)慢速運行，當下平層感應器再進入遮磁板時，上行接觸器線圈失電，制動器抱閘停車；（5）上下限強迫換速開關，用于保護電梯的高速運行安全，避免電梯出現(xiàn)沖頂或蹲底事故，當電梯到達上下端站時，裝在轎廂邊的上下限強迫換速開關打板，信號輸入PLC，PLC發(fā)出換速信號強迫電梯減速運行到平層位置；The performance of the speed regulation part plays an important role in the comfort of passengers when the elevator is running. At present, most of them use high-performance frequency converters to measure the speed of the traction motor using rotary encoders to form a closed-loop vector control system. Through the reasonable setting of the inverter parameters, the elevator not only has the protection function in terms of overspeed and lack of equality, but also makes the start, low speed operation and stop of the elevator more stable and comfortable. The starting and stopping of the inverter itself and the selection of the given speed of the motor are all completed by the logic control part. Therefore, the logic control part is the key to the safe and reliable operation of the elevator. The early elevator logic control adopted relay mode, which has the disadvantages of high failure rate, poor reliability, complex wiring, poor universality, etc. Therefore, the relay has been withdrawn from the stage of history and replaced by PLC and microcomputer control systems with stable and reliable performance, simple structure and good portability. Microcomputer control makes the elevator control system smaller, energy saving and more reliable, especially for complex elevator control functions such as group control and communication. Therefore, microcomputer control systems are mostly used in high-grade passenger elevators with high performance requirements. However, at present, the so-called "microcomputer control system" of many elevator manufacturers is just a special elevator PLC after the manufacturer's modification. Strictly speaking, it is only one of the PLC families, and even its programming mode and hardware interface can be compatible with a certain type of PLC. The programmable logic controller (PLC) not only retains the advantages of the relay control system, such as simplicity, high control accuracy, good reliability, good portability, control program can change with the process, easy interface with the computer, convenient maintenance, etc. Therefore, PLC has been widely and deeply applied in the field of elevator control. V80 series PLC has been applied in elevator production and transformation of many elevator manufacturers due to its high reliability, fast operation speed, low product cost and customized service for elevators. Taking a villa elevator control system with four floors and four stations as an example, this paper expounds the design idea and implementation scheme of V80 series PLC in the elevator control system. 2、 The elevator control system is mainly composed of the main circuit of frequency conversion speed regulation, input and output units and PLC units. As shown in Figure 1, the elevator control system is used to manage and control the command signals of the elevator traction motor and the door opening and closing machine, such as starting, accelerating and decelerating, stopping, running direction, floor display, floor call, car operation, safety protection, etc. The main circuit of variable frequency speed regulation is composed of three-phase AC input, variable frequency speed regulation drive, traction machine and braking unit. The frequency converter adopts the vector control elevator special frequency converter 616G5 of Japan Yaskawa Company, which has good low-speed operation characteristics and is suitable for application in the elevator control system. Three phase power supply R, S, T Terminal blocks
Enter the frequency converter to supply power for its main circuit and control circuit. The output terminals U, V and W are connected to the fast winding of the motor. The external braking unit reduces the braking time and speeds up the braking process. The rotary encoder is used to detect the running speed and direction of the elevator. The frequency converter compares the actual speed with the given speed inside the frequency converter to adjust the output frequency and voltage of the frequency converter, so that the actual speed of the elevator follows the given speed inside the frequency converter to achieve the purpose of adjusting the elevator speed. The input signals of the frequency converter are: up and down direction commands, zero speed, crawl, low speed, high speed, maintenance speed and other speed coding commands, reset and enable signals. The output signals of the frequency converter are: (1) The frequency converter is ready. When the frequency converter operates normally, notify the control system that the frequency converter can operate normally; (2) Signal in operation to inform PLC that the inverter is outputting normally; (3) Zero speed signal: when the elevator running speed is zero, this signal output is effective and notifies PLC to complete the actions such as holding brake and parking; (4) Fault signal: when the frequency converter fails, the signal output is effective and the PLC is notified to respond and power off the frequency converter. The input and output unit is the I/O interface part of PLC, which is mainly composed of hall call, floor selection in the car, floor and direction indication, door opening and closing, upper and lower leveling in the hoistway, upper and lower forced speed switch, door lock, safety protection relay, maintenance, fire protection, parking, weighing and other units. The input unit is:; (2) The floor selection unit in the car is responsible for the registration, elimination and indication of pre selected floor instructions. The number of call signals is the number of elevator stop floors N; (3) Open/close button, input PLC to control the opening/closing of car door (hall door also acts at the same time); (4) The upper and lower leveling device is used to ensure the accurate leveling of the elevator car when it stops at each floor. It is usually set on the car roof. When the elevator car goes up and approaches the preselected landing station, the upper leveling sensor is limited to enter the magnetic shielding plate, and the elevator continues to run slowly. When the lower leveling sensor enters the magnetic shielding plate again, the upward contactor coil loses power and the brake stops; (5) The upper and lower limit forced speed change switches are used to protect the safety of the elevator during high-speed operation and avoid the accident of the elevator crashing to the top or squatting to the bottom. When the elevator arrives at the upper and lower terminal stations, the upper and lower limit forced speed change switches installed beside the lift car strike a board, and the signal is input to the PLC, and the PLC sends a speed change signal to force the elevator to decelerate to the leveling position;

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